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Windows 7 is a personal computer operating system developed byMicrosoft, a version of Windows NT. Development of Windows 7 occurred as early as 2006 under the codename "Blackcomb." Windows 7 was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009,[8] and became generally available on October 22, 2009,[9] less than three years after the release of its predecessor, Windows Vista. Windows 7's servercounterpart, Windows Server 2008 R2, was released at the same time.Windows 7 was primarily intended to be an incremental upgrade to the operating system, intending to address criticisms faced by its predecessor, Windows Vista (such as performance improvements), whilst maintaining compatibility with hardware and software designed for Vista. While retaining a similar appearance to Vista, 7's interfacewas streamlined, with the addition of a redesigned taskbar that allows applications to be "pinned" to it, and new window management features. Other new features were added to the operating system, including libraries, the new file sharing system HomeGroup, and support for multitouch input. A new "Action Center" interface was also added to provide an overview of system security and maintenance information, and tweaks were made to the User Account Control system to make it less intrusive. 7 also shipped with updated versions of several stock applications, including Internet Explorer, Windows Media Player, and Windows Media Center.
In contrast to Vista, Windows 7 was generally praised by critics, who considered the operating system to be a major improvement over its predecessor due to its increased performance, its more intuitive interface (with particular praise devoted to the new taskbar), fewer User Account Control popups, and other improvements made across the platform. Windows 7 was a major success for Microsoft; even prior to its official release, pre-order sales for 7 on the online retailer Amazon.comhad surpassed the record set by Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. In just six months, over 100 million copies had been sold worldwide, increasing to over 630 million licenses by July 2012, and a market share of 50.06% as of May 2014 according to Net Applications, making it the most widely used version of Windows
.Hardware Requirement
| Component | Operating system architecture | |
|---|---|---|
| 32-bit | 64-bit | |
| Processor | 1 GHz IA-32 processor | 1 GHz x86-64 processor |
| Memory (RAM) | 1 GB | 2 GB |
| Graphics card | DirectX 9 graphics processor with WDDM driver model 1.0 (Not absolutely necessary; only required for Aero) | |
| Free hard drive space | 16 GB | 20 GB |
| Optical drive | DVD-ROM drive[94] (Only to install from DVD-ROM media) | |
Additional requirements to use certain features:[93]
- Windows XP Mode (Professional, Ultimate and Enterprise): Requires an additional 1 GB of RAM and additional 15 GB of available hard disk space. The requirement for a processor capable of hardware virtualization has been lifted.[95]
- Windows Media Center (included in Home Premium, Professional, Ultimate and Enterprise), requires a TV tuner to receive and record TV.
Physical memory
The maximum amount of RAM that Windows 7 supports varies depending on the product edition and on the processor architecture, as shown in the following table.[96]
| Edition | Processor architecture | |
|---|---|---|
| IA-32 (32-bit) | x64 (64-bit) | |
| Ultimate | 4 GB | 192 GB |
| Enterprise | ||
| Professional | ||
| Home Premium | 16 GB | |
| Home Basic | 8 GB | |
| Starter | 2 GB | N/A |
Features
New and changed
Main article: Features new to Windows 7
Among Windows 7's new features are advances in touch and handwriting recognition,[40] support for virtual hard disks,[41] improved performance on multi-core processors,[42][43][44][45] improved boot performance, DirectAccess, and kernelimprovements. Windows 7 adds support for systems using multiple heterogeneous graphics cards from different vendors (Heterogeneous Multi-adapter),[46] a new version of Windows Media Center,[47] a Gadget for Windows Media Center, improved media features, XPS Essentials Pack[48] and Windows PowerShell[49]being included, and a redesigned Calculator with multiline capabilities including Programmer and Statistics modes along with unit conversion for length, weight, temperature, and several others.[50] Many new items have been added to theControl Panel, including ClearType Text Tuner[51] Display Color Calibration Wizard,[52] Gadgets, Recovery, Troubleshooting, Workspaces Center, Location and Other Sensors, Credential Manager, Biometric Devices, System Icons, and Display.[53] Windows Security Center has been renamed to Windows Action Center (Windows Health Center andWindows Solution Center in earlier builds), which encompasses both security and maintenance of the computer. ReadyBoost on 32-bit editions now supports up to 256 gigabytes of extra allocation. Windows 7 also supports images inRAW image format through the addition of Windows Imaging Component-enabled image decoders, which enables raw image thumbnails, previewing and metadata display in Windows Explorer, plus full-size viewing and slideshows in Windows Photo Viewer and Windows Media Center.[54]
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